It can break apart to yield hydroxyl radicals that attack important biochemicals like proteins and DNA. To protect itself, the body makes catalase, the enzyme that decomposes hydrogen peroxide before it can form hydroxyl radicals. Actually, the formation of hydrogen peroxide in cells is an attempt by the body to protect itself from an even more dangerous substance, superoxide. Oxygen is a double-edged sword.
Still, it does present a risk and this is where catalase enters the picture. It breaks the peroxide down into oxygen and water. And that is why hydrogen peroxide foams when poured onto liver.
If you have ever used hydrogen peroxide to disinfect a cut, you may have also noted some bubbling since blood can decompose hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. He reasoned that if an unknown stain caused foaming on treatment with hydrogen peroxide, it probably contained hemoglobin, and was therefore likely to be blood.
Introduced in , this was the first presumptive test for blood. But since hydrogen peroxide tends to decompose slowly by itself, looking for extra bubbles was a challenging endeavour.
This relied on the chemistry of phenolphthalein, well-known today to students as an acid-base indicator. Phenolphthalein is colourless in acid but turns a deep pink in a basic solution.
In this case, though, the important feature is that phenolphthalein can be reduced with zinc into colourless phenolphthalin, which along with a base is present in the test reagent.
In the usual process, a drop of alcohol is added to an unknown stain to dissolve any hemoglobin that may be present, followed by rubbing with a swab that has been treated with the Kastle-Meyer reagent. A drop of hydrogen peroxide is then applied to the swab. Nakatani, M. Studies on histidine residues in hemeproteins related to their activities.
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Evolution of structure and function of Class I peroxidases. Your documents are now available to view. Confirm Cancel. Accessible Published by De Gruyter April 6, Christophe Glorieux and Pedro Buc Calderon. From the journal Biological Chemistry. Cite this. Abstract This review is centered on the antioxidant enzyme catalase and will present different aspects of this particular protein.
Keywords: antioxidant enzyme ; cancer ; catalase ; catalase regulation ; hydrogen peroxide ; pro-oxidant therapy. Figure 1: Time line of catalase main discoveries and findings. Table 1: Catalase gene polymorphisms in patients suffering from hypocatalasemia or acatalasemia. Table 2: Catalase enzyme activity in cells from diver origins.
Type of cells Normal origin Cancer origin References Mouse hepatocytes Figure 2: Hypothetical mechanism of catalase regulation in breast cancer cell lines. Figure 3: The quinone redox cycling hypothesis. Figure 4: Arsenic trioxide ATO decreases catalase expression in breast cancer cells and sensitizes them to pro-oxidant drugs. Acknowledgments The authors thank Professor Helmut Sies for the splendid discussion and his precious input. Received: Accepted: Published Online: Published in Print: Article Catalase, a remarkable enzyme: targeting the oldest antioxidant enzyme to find a new cancer treatment approach Christophe Glorieux, Pedro Buc Calderon Catalase, a remarkable enzyme: targeting the oldest antioxidant enzyme to find a new cancer treatment approach.
Biological Chemistry , 10 , Biological Chemistry, Vol. Glorieux, Christophe and Calderon, Pedro Buc. Glorieux C, Calderon P. Biological Chemistry. Copy to clipboard. Log in Register. Download article PDF. Volume Issue This issue. All issues. Articles in the same Issue Frontmatter.
Aeromonas sobria serine protease ASP : a subtilisin family endopeptidase with multiple virulence activities. Targeting and inactivation of bacterial toxins by human defensins. SA6 — focus on recent developments. Galanin suppresses proliferation of human U and T98G glioma cells via its subtype 1 receptor. Background A chemical reaction occurs when compounds come together and their molecules interact to form new compounds.
Sometimes these reactions happen by themselves, are usually very fast and spontaneous, and give off energy. Other chemical reactions need energy, without which they would proceed very slowly or not at all. Enzymes can help speed up these types of chemical reactions.
Enzymes are large proteins that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction by acting as a catalyst. A catalyst provides the necessary environment for the reaction to occur, thereby quickening it. Certain catalysts work for certain kinds of reactions; in other words, each enzyme has a particular type of reaction that it can activate.
Enzymes can be very fussy and sometimes need to be in certain environments or conditions to work well—or at all. Some enzymes can even be damaged, such as when exposed to too much heat. A damaged enzyme may no longer work to catalyze a chemical reaction. Catalase is an enzyme in the liver that breaks down harmful hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. When this reaction occurs, oxygen gas bubbles escape and create foam.
Be careful using the sharp knife. An adult may need to help with this. Blend on high speed, pulsing when necessary, until the liver is smooth and no chunks are present. Be careful of the sharp blades in the blender. To the blended liver drop, add one drop of hydrogen peroxide. You should see a lot of bubbles! What do you think the bubbles are made of? This shows that the liver enzyme catalase is working to start the chemical reaction that breaks down the hydrogen peroxide that would be harmful to the body into less dangerous compounds.
What is the color and consistency of this mixture? Put one drop of the mixture on a clean part of the large plate and add one drop of hydrogen peroxide to it.
Compared with the untreated blended liver, did more, less or about the same amount of bubbles form? Did they form more slowly, more quickly or at about the same rate?
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