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List of Partners vendors. Your Money. Personal Finance. Your Practice. Popular Courses. Economics Macroeconomics. Part Of. Understanding Inflation. Types of Inflation. What Does Inflation Impact? Testable predictions, both within and among host species, are presented for this hypothesis. Tags Type your tag names separated by a space and hit enter. Trends Parasitol. Links Publisher Full Text. Aggregator Full Text.
Rohr JR. Allen JE. Glucose increases the levels of ACE2 present on macrophages and monocytes, helping the virus infect the very cells that should be helping to kill it.
Once the virus is safely inside these cells, it causes them to start making lots of inflammatory cytokines — effectively kick-starting the cytokine storm. And the higher the levels of glucose, the more successful the virus is at replicating inside the cells — essentially the glucose fuels the virus.
It also causes the virally infected immune cells to make products that are very damaging to the lung, such as reactive oxygen species. And on top of this, the virus reduces the ability of other immune cells — lymphocytes — to kill it. Obesity also causes high levels of glucose in the body and, similar to diabetes, affects macrophage and monocyte activation. The same sort of inflammatory profile that diabetes and obesity cause is also seen in some older people those over 60 years.
This is due to a phenomenon known as inflammageing. Inflammageing is characterised by having high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. AB - In ecology, tolerance of parasites refers to host mitigation of the fitness costs of an infection. Overview Citation formats. In: Trends in parasitology , Vol. Sears, B.
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